Falls are one of the leading causes of injuries in construction and across many industries. While they are among the most common hazards on a jobsite, they are also among the most preventable. Understanding the causes of falls is the first step in creating safer workplaces.

Falls rarely happen because of a single issue. Instead, they often occur when unsafe conditions combine with unsafe actions. Recognizing both factors is critical to preventing incidents.

Unsafe Conditions That Lead to Falls

• Unguarded leading edges
• Open holes or missing guardrails
• Damaged equipment such as ladders, stairs, or safety gear
• Slippery surfaces caused by water, ice, or debris
• Unmarked elevation changes

Unsafe Actions That Lead to Falls

• Working at heights without proper fall protection or a safety plan
• Improper ladder use, such as incorrect angles or unsecured placement
• Leaning or reaching beyond guardrails
• Failing to use required safety equipment correctly

Best Practices to Prevent Falls

The most effective way to avoid falls is to eliminate the need to work at heights whenever possible. When that is not an option, safeguards must be in place to reduce the risk.

• Use engineering controls such as guardrails, barriers, or covers over openings
• Implement a fall arrest system with a full-body harness, self-retracting lanyard, and approved anchor point with 100 percent tie-off (as a last resort)
• Follow ladder safety best practices: maintain three points of contact, secure the ladder, and set it at the correct angle
• Keep work areas clean and free of tripping hazards
• Use warning signs and communicate clearly about fall risks

Conclusion

Most falls are preventable when workers and employers are proactive. Planning ahead, identifying hazards, and following safety procedures can make the difference between a safe day and a serious incident. Everyone on site has a role to play in recognizing and eliminating fall hazards.

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